Base64 Encode

Base64 is a collection of binary-to-text encoding techniques used in computer programming that converts binary data (more precisely, a series of 8-bit bytes) into sequences of 24 bits that can be represented by four 6-bit Base64 digits.

Base64 is a standard method for converting binary data to text and is used to transfer data between channels that can only reliably support text content. The World Wide Web[1] is where Base64 is most widely used, and one of its applications is the ability to embed picture files or other binary assets inside text assets like HTML and CSS files.

An overhead of 33–37% is created by this encoding (33% by the encoding itself and an additional 4% by the added line breaks).

Different implementations use a different set of 64 characters to represent the 64 digit values for the base.

The typical approach is to select 64 printable characters that are similar to most encodings.

This combination makes it difficult for the data to be altered while being transmitted across 8-bit-unclean information channels like email.

[3]

For the first 62 values, A-Z, a-z, and 0-9 are used in MIME's Base64 implementation.

Other versions, such as UTF-7, also have this feature but have other choices for the last two values.

Early examples of this kind of encoding

were designed for dial-up communication between computers running the same OS, such as BinHex for the TRS-80 (later modified for the Macintosh) and uuencode for UNIX, and could thus make more assumptions about what characters were safe to use.

For instance, uuencode does not utilise lowercase letters and only employs uppercase letters, numbers, and numerous punctuation marks.

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